Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal condition that affects women of reproductive age. It usually starts during adolescence, but symptoms may fluctuate over time.
PCOS can cause hormonal imbalances, irregular periods, excess androgen levels, and cysts in the ovaries. Irregular periods, usually with a lack of ovulation, can make it difficult to become pregnant. PCOS is a leading cause of infertility.
PCOS is a chronic condition and cannot be cured. However, some symptoms can be improved through lifestyle changes, medications, and fertility treatments.
The cause of PCOS is unknown but women with a family history of type 2 diabetes are at higher risk.
Symptoms:
Possible symptoms include:
- Heavy, long, intermittent, unpredictable, or absent periods
- Infertility
- Acne or oily skin
- Excessive hair on the face or body
- Male-pattern baldness or hair thinning
- Weight gain, especially around the belly.
People with PCOS are more likely to have other health conditions including:
- Type 2 diabetes
- Hypertension (high blood pressure)
- High cholesterol
- Heart disease
- Endometrial cancer (cancer of the inner lining of the uterus)
PCOS can also cause anxiety, depression, and a negative body image. Some symptoms such as infertility, obesity, and unwanted hair growth can lead to social stigma. This can affect other life areas such as family, relationships, work, and involvement in the community.
Treatment
- There is no cure for PCOS, but treatments can improve symptoms.
- People who have irregular periods, trouble getting pregnant or excessive acne and hair growth should speak to a healthcare professional.
- Some symptoms of PCOS can be reduced through lifestyle changes. Eating a healthy diet and getting enough exercise can help reduce weight and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.
- Some medicines can reduce acne or unwanted hair growth caused by PCOS.
- Treatments for infertility due to PCOS include lifestyle changes, medicines or surgery to stimulate regular ovulation.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex hormonal condition affecting women of reproductive age, with symptoms ranging from irregular periods and infertility to weight gain and emotional challenges. While there is no cure for PCOS, its symptoms can be managed through lifestyle changes, medications, and targeted treatments. Early diagnosis and a holistic approach—combining healthy eating, regular exercise, and medical interventions—can significantly improve quality of life and reduce associated health risks like diabetes and heart disease. Raising awareness, reducing stigma, and seeking professional guidance are essential steps in empowering women with PCOS to lead healthier, more fulfilling lives.
